Buttermilk
10.0Mix 1/2 cup buttermilk + 1/4 tsp baking soda to replace 1 tsp baking powder; reduce other liquid
Marinades use baking powder's alkalinity (pH ~8.3 in solution) to denature surface myosin on chicken and beef, which locks in moisture once seared — this is the velveting trick behind Cantonese stir-fry. Effective penetration takes 30-45 minutes at refrigerator temps; too long and the surface turns mealy. Swaps must hit similar pKa territory (above 6.5) or deliver acid instead for a different denaturation path. Salt-acid balance matters: too much salt draws water back out.
Mix 1/2 cup buttermilk + 1/4 tsp baking soda to replace 1 tsp baking powder; reduce other liquid
1/2 cup buttermilk plus 1/4 tsp baking soda per 1 tsp baking powder — this IS a working marinade (fried chicken standard) rather than a replacement. Lactic acid at pH 4.5 denatures via acid instead of alkaline path; rest 4-24 hours, not 30 minutes. Different mechanism, different penetration rate.