All-Purpose Flour
10.0best for marinadeSlightly less chewy result; works for most breads
Marinades use flour mainly as a slurry binder or as the dry side of a wet-then-dry dredge before frying — bread flour's gluten can tighten on the protein surface within 20 minutes, blocking acid and salt penetration past 2mm. Ranking favors substitutes that stay loose in acidic mixes (pH 3.5-4.5) so lemon, vinegar, or buttermilk can penetrate the meat over 4-12 hours instead of being shed.
Slightly less chewy result; works for most breads
AP in a marinade slurry stays loose in acid (pH 3.5-4.5) for 30-45 minutes before tightening, giving lemon, vinegar, or buttermilk time to penetrate the protein 2-3mm deep. Use 1:1 by cup. Lower protein than bread flour means less gluten film blocking acid contact at the meat surface.
Denser, nuttier flavor; may need more liquid
Whole wheat's bran absorbs marinade liquid faster than bread flour, so a 4-hour soak with buttermilk and lemon penetrates roughly 1.5mm — about 25% less depth than bread flour at the same time. Use 1:1 by cup, add 2 tbsp acid per cup to keep the slurry pourable through the marinade window.